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SKETCHES 



New Jersey Historical Society 



ALONZO CHURCH, 



Published by the Society. 



/^■^ OF co^^ 
OCT 4 1894 



U.u.e 



NEWARK, N. J.: 

ADVKRTISER PRINTING HOLSK 
1894. 



COPYRIGHT 1S94 
3Y ALONZO CHUUCII 



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.si 

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TO 

URANIA 

THE GODDESS OF MY INSPIRATION 

WHATEVER IS WORTHY IN THESE PAGES 

IS INSCRIBED 

A. C. 



PREFACE 



T^HERE has been no attempt at originality or exhaus- 
-* tive research in these pages. They were written 
some time ago during the hurry of a busy life and for 
the local press — where such qualities are not insisted 
upon. It was thought then that their appearance would 
stimulate interest in the Historical Society and call 
attention to its needs — especially the pitiable lack of any- 
thing like suitable quarters, which compels the heaping 
together in crowded confusion of priceless collections, 
and subjects them at all times to total loss by fire. 

Several members of the Society read the articles 
as they appeared, and were good enough to praise them 
and advised their collection in a inore permanent form. 
What their kindness urged their liberality made possible, 
and thus a series of newspaper clippings has become a 
pamphlet. Only a few alterations have been made in 
the transition, and now, as when they first appeared, the 
only effort has been to bring to the notice of the public 
some of the more striking of the splendid collections. 

If any interest is aroused which will result in rescu- 
ino" the may-nificent series of historic treasures from 



the dang'er of utter ruin wiiich assails them in their 
present quarters, the writer will feel that his pamphlet 
has well fulfilled its mission. 

These " forewords " would be incomplete without 
some acknowledgement of the unfailing kindness of 
Judtfc Ricord, the Society's Librarian. His thorough 
knowledge of all the collections, his keen appreciation 
of thintrs historic and his wise discrimination and advice 
were always at the service of the writer, and it is not 
too much to say that if there be any inerit in these 
pages, Judge Ricord's courtes\- has called it into being. 

A. C. 
Newark, Sept. 1894. 



I. 

ANUSCRIPTS, 



FEW people realize the scores of valuable papers, 
books, manuscripts and curios which are stored 
away among- the archives of the New Jersey His- 
torical Society. The Society has not been organized 
as long' as some of its kindred associations in other 
States, and its accommodations to-day are probably the 
worst in the country; yet it has had always a host of 
cultured and enthusiastic members, who have collected 
much valuable data pertaining to American history, 
even if they have failed to house it properly. 

The Society was founded in 1845, and among its 
charter members were Chief-Justice Hornblower, Justice 
Joseph P. Bradley of the United vStates vSupreme Court, 
Governor Pennington, vSecretary of State Frederick T. 
Frelinghuysen, President McLean, of Princeton College, 
Professor Archibald Alexander, T. J. vStryker, Bishop 
Doane, and other men eminent in professional life, of 
broad culture and noble g"enerosity. 

Almost immediately after its foundation the gifts 
began to be presented, and the Society soon took its 



8 MANUSCRIPTS. 

place among the leading" historical organizations of the 
country, which it has ever sihce retained. 

Perhaps the most valuable part of the collection is 
the series of manuscripts relative to every portion of 
the country's history, from its early settlement. The 
oldest document in the archives is a Latin deed to a 
piece of property in Middlesex Count v, dated 1601, but 
historically it is of little value. The most priceless 
treasures which the library contains of this kind are 
the proprietary deeds, royal grants, releases of property, 
etc. These curious old manuscripts are two and some 
times three yards long, written in the quaint, crabbed 
hand of the Seventeenth Century, and bearing the seals 
and signatures of James, Duke of York, afterwards 
King of England; William Penn, King Charles II., 
Lord Berkeley, Sir George Carteret, and almost every 
other name which is prominently associated with the 
settlement of the State. There is an exemplified copy 
(made in 1664 for John Fen wick) of the patent from 
King Charles II. to his brother James, Duke of York, 
" for a tract of land in New England, including New 
Jersey." The lands in New Jersey did not appear to 
please His Royal Highness, however, for, according to 
an enormous and very pompously worded manuscript, 
dated June 23, 1664, he deeded to Lord Berkeley and 
Sir George Carteret "all that tract of land adjacent to 
New England and lying and being to the westward of 
Long Island and Manhitas Island, and bounded on the 
east part by the Maine Sea and part by Hudson's River 



MANUSCRIPTS. 9 

and hath upon the west Delaware Bay or river and 
extendeth southward to the Maine Ocean as farre as 
Cape May." 

The munificent consideration for this transfer was 

*' tenn shillings." 

The first seal of New Jersey can be seen on the 
commission of Robert Vauquillin as Surveyor-General 
of the province. It is an ingenious mingling of the 
Berkelev and Carteret arms stamped upon faded wax. 
The signatures of the Lord Proprietors also appear on 
several old deeds, and do little credit to them, so awkward 
and uncouth are the characters. 

These musty-smelling parchments with their curious 
seals and pompous verbiage form one of the Society's 
most cherished collections, and are of priceless value 
in determining questions concerning the State's infancy. 

Yet the safest place which the Library's accommo- 
dations permit them is a wooden box on the floor of 
a crowded closet ! 

In the Colonial and Revolutionary eras the Society 
is no less rich in valuable material. A letter written 
at "Amboy, July 24, 1700," from Governor Andrew 
Hamilton advises the Proprietors to turn over the Gov- 
ernment to the Crown, but although writing on so 
important a matter he suddenly winds up with: "/ am 
itmvilling to begin a new sheet and therefore take leaved 

Brushing against the stately phrases of this letter 
lie a pile of old lottery tickets dated 1 761-1762, and a 
worn and time-stained paper on which some anxious 



MANUSCRIPTS. 



colonial gambler has carefully written down all the 
winning; numbers and the prizes, which are either pounds, 
shillings and pence, or such articles as English mill'd 
stockings, crimson and black barragon, saxon green or 
blue mohair coats, all kinds of callimancoes, etc., etc. 
Next to this again is a statement of the Perth Amboy 
church lottery prizes, which were awarded, it appears, 
" under the inspection of the Mayor, Recorder and 
Aldermen of the city." 

The signatvire of King George III. appears on a 
commission appointing John Skinner captain in the 
British Army during the French and Indian War, and 
George II.'s can be seen on a commission under the 
provincial seal creating James Johnston " High vSheriff 
of Middlesex." 

The Society, too, possesses State papers signed by 
almost every Governor of the State ; autograph minutes 
of the various committees of safety that flourished just 
before the Revolution, and innumerable letters written 
about local. State and National affairs. 

One of the most curious of the parchments is a 
diploma granted by Yale College in 1752 to one Thomas 
Wiggins. IL is about six inches square, written with 
many flourishes in red, brown and black ink, and bearing 
the signature of Thomas Clap, President ; David Eliot, 
Joseph Noyes, Benjamin Lord, vSolomon Williams and 
Noah Hobart, as fellows. 

Besides the unbound parchments, the Library has a 
large number oi valuable manuscripts carefiilly bound 



MANUSCRIPTS. It 

together, and referring to certain periods of governmental 
progress. One large volume contains the papers of 
Robert Morris, Chief -Justice of New J ersey, and also 
Governor of Pennsylvania. Another is filled with Lewis 
Morris's letters and papers. There are several bulky 
volumes of petitions, bills and resolutions, in manuscript, 
presented to the Provincial Legislature of New Jersey 
and to the National Congress which sat at Princeton in 
1783, and one or two commissions signed by Washington. 

Concerning the War of 1812, there are muster rolls of 
the various New Jersey companies; letters from the field 
to anxious relatives, and journals of the marches and 
encampments. Covering the Mexican and the Civil 
Wars, the Library is also rich in historic treasures. 

Many of the papers refer exclusively to Newark 
affairs, among them the "Town Book" for 1691, and the 
constitution of " A Voluntary Association of the People 
of Newark to Observe the wSabbath," dated 1798. 

There is also an act which seems to have been passed 
by the Aldermen in 1765, or at least proposed, "to relieve 
the inhabitants of Sussex from famine," which shows 
that Newark then, as now, was willing to give to distress 
from her abundance. 

vSo one might continue roaming about the Library 
rooms, guided by Judge Ricord's unfailing courtesy to all 
that was most interesting ; but to see and read and 
appreciate the large mass of manuscripts would take 
many days. This the members realize, and the various 
collections have been published in readable form under 



MAX use RIP IS. 



the Society's direction, and twenty octavo volumes of its 
proceedings have also been printed. In this way the 
general public, as well as the curious antiquary, can be 
brought to appreciate the treasures that are contained in 
the crowded Library, and for this reason also the New 
Jersey Historical vSociety has the reputation not only of 
possessing one of the most valuable manuscript collections 
in America, but of being also ever ready to put it to 
practical and general use. 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 



VALUABLE as are the manuscripts and parchments 
which crowd its archives, the Library is almost as 
rich in the treasures of the book-maker's art. There 
are about fourteen thousand volumes in all, and each has 
an individuality so much beyond the ordinary that it would 
be almost impossible exactly to estimate the value of the 
entire collection. 

To make some rough approximation to it the other 
day, however. Judge Ricord took down from the nearest 
shelf one hundred volumes that were within easy reach, 
and by learning from sales' catalogues the prices at which 
similar volumes were held, he reckoned out the books to 
be worth, at regular market value, over five thousand 
dollars. And yet these rare old tomes, full from cover to 
cover of valuable historic data or " the quaint and curious 
legends of forgotten lore," are piled in heaps in dusty 
closets or stacked upon the floor, an easy prey to rats and 
moths and fire. 

Biit the transient visitor at the Society's rooms does 
not take into consideration the wretched accommodations 
in which these treasures are stored, but becomes absorbed 



14 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 

at once in their contents, and in turning back the pages 
of the past to read of by-gone generations the present 
fades slowly out of mind till at last it seems as if he too 
lived in "good old colony days," took active interest in 
the Revolution, or viewed with anxiety the progress of 
the United Colonies. 

Here he can read all the old "Blue Laws" of the 
province embodied in the first colonial code. Learning and 
Spicer's, made in 1702, or Bradford's Digest of 1730, or 
Nevill's Laws of 1752, and from these beginnings can 
trace the gradual development of statutory provision 
down to the present day. 

The earliest legal volume which pertains to New 
Jersey is George Scot's " Model of Government of the 
Province of East Jersey," written in 1685 at the instance 
of the Lord Proprietors. It is a trifle laudatory in tone, 
but interesting in the light it throws on the State's be- 
ginning. Elizabethtown, its writer informs its readers, 
contains forty thousand acres and one hundred and fifty 
families ; Newark, fifty thousand acres, but only one 
hundred families. The vSociety's copy of this book is one 
of five known to exist. It is in splendid preservation^ 
bearing the arms and motto of the noted Constable family 
of Edinburgh, and is valued at four hundred and seventy- 
five dollars. 

On a shelf near this is a copy of the celebrated 
^'Elizabethtown Bill in Chancery," a suit l\v John, Earl 
of Stair, against Benjamin Bond and others known as the 
''Clinker Lot Right Men." This, together with "The 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 15 

Answer to the Bill in Chancery," which the Library also 
contains, throw more light than any other book or docu- 
ment on the proprietary interests in New Jersey, and 
many legal decisions have been based on their contents. 
The " answer" is so rare that some authors have declared 
that it never existed. 

The Society has gospel, too, as well as law, and sev- 
eral shelves are taken up with rare old copies of the 
Holy Scriptures. There are Dutch, Gaelic, French and 
Latin editions, and some that controversy or error 
has made famous. Of these the most valuable is the 
"Breeches Bible," printed in London in 1577, and so 
nick-named because of the following rendering of Genesis 
iii. 7 : "Then the eyes of them both were opened, they 
knew that they were naked, and they sewed figge 
leaves together and made themselves breeches." The 
copy is specially interesting as it contains " the whole 
Booke of Psalmes and tunes, with apt notes to sing them 
withall." 

Next to this is a copy of the Vulgate beautifully 
bound in white vellum with the arms of some long 
since departed owner stamped in gold upon the cover, 
and further along is a finely preserved " Douay." 
Brushing against these Christian Gospels and mingling 
with them the dust of their crumbling leaves are the 
utterances of the ancient philosophers, Aristotle, Plato, 
Pliny and the rest. Many are the first printed editions 
and not one of them worth less than one hundred dollars. 

In Colonial, Revolutionary and early constitutional 



l6 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 

volumes the Library is especially rich. One time-worn 
book recites the history of "The Negro Plot of New- 
York, with a journal of the proceedings, the names of 
those arrested, their executions by hanging or burning 
and a variety of other useful and highly interesting- 
matter." 

Another is the journal of the ship "Catherine," which 
was a pirate-boat and a slave-trader in 1732, plying 
between New York and the coast of Africa, and still 
another is a story of the Revolution, published in 1788, 
which contains the first map of the United States. 

The first magazine published in New Jersey was 
" The New American Magazine," edited by Judge 
Nevil, Mayor of Amboy in 1758-60. It contains selec- 
tions from " The Spectator," — which Addison had re- 
cently edited in London — Pope, Prior and other noted 
men of the times. 

" A History of North America" forms its serial, and 
begins very properly with a biography of Columbus. 
Among the fugitive pieces is one, " On Marriage, by a 
Female," which recites the writer's numerous misfor- 
tunes and final success in the matrimonial market. The 
verse of the time is embodied in a volume of poems 1 y 
Philip Freneau, written in 1768. Freneau was widely 
known both in Europe and America as "the patriot poet;" 
his effusions were praised most highly by Jefferies, the 
remorseless Scotch reviewer, and Campbell honored him 
by plagiarizing some of his finest lines. The pcet 
was a bit gay, apparently, and one of his poems, 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 17 

"On a legislative act prohibiting the tise of spirit- 
uous liquors to prisoners in certain United States jails," 
begins in this way : 

" They that are unconfined drink what they will, 
Who gave the right to limit men in jail ? " 

His descriptions of his student-life at Princeton, too 
— where he was a room-mate of James Madison — would 
astonish the staid under-graduate of modern times. 

One of the most interesting, and among the rarest 
of the Society's volumes, is a small vellum-covered 
octavo, which contains Alexander Hamilton's defense 
against the charges of speculating with the United States 
Treasury funds, which his political opponents made 
against him in 1797. He wrote it himself and it was pub- 
lished by him in Philadelphia. In defending his official 
honor, however, he has made serious reflections on his 
own morality, and some readers of this exceedingly rare 
old book might feel that Burr's opponent was at least 
as bad as the man who .shot him. 

Among other information, it contains a series of 
letters which passed between Monroe and Hamilton, 
in which the latter became so belligerent that Monroe 
wrote : 

" If you meant this last letter as a challenge to me, 
I have to inform you that my friend Colonel Burr will 
communicate with you on the subject." 

A remarkable and little known coincidence that 
Hamilton's slayer might have been his opponent's 
second. It is not stated why the duel did not come 

2 



l8 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 

off ; perhaps because of Burr's intervention and set- 
tlement in his capacity of second. 

Passing over the many other books of ecjual interest 
and value, one comes to the quantities of pamphlets, which 
are often as quaint and as curious as the bound volumes. 
This is the way in which Samuel Jennings in 1699 began 
his answer to an opposing pamphleteer : " Truth rescued 
from forgery and falsehood, being an answer to a late 
scurrilous piece which stole into the world without any 
known author's name affixed, and renders it the more like 
its father who was a Iyer and murderer from the be- 
ginning." 

Hardly less bitter, though couched in more elegant 
English, is Dr. Samuel Johnson's " Taxation No Tyranny," 
which the Library possesses algo. 

Among the other pamphlets may be mentioned the 
'' funeral elogiums " which flooded the country on the 
death of Washington. Here one can read the official 
oration delivered before Congress by General Henry Lee, 
in which the immortal words, " first in war, first in peace, 
first in the hearts of his countrymen," originated ; the 
one by Gouverneur Morris, delivered at New York ; 
Fisher Ames's address to the Massachusetts Legislature ; 
the Latin elogium of President Willard, of Harvard, and 
the addresses of Dr. Macwhorter, of the First Presby- 
terian, and Dr. Ogden of Trinity Church, in Newark. 

Dr. Macwhorter's covers forty-nine printed octavo 
pages, and Dr. Ogdcn's closes with a diagram of tne 
funeral procession. 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. I9 

The Library also has an orig-inal sheet of the music 
and words sung- at Trenton as Washington passed through 
en route for his first inauguration, written by Annis 
Stockton, wife of one of New Jersey's signers of the 
Declaration. One of the stanzas is : 

"Virgins fair and matrons grave, 
Those thy conquering arms did save, 
Build for thee triumphal bowers, 
Strew, ye fair, his way with flowers. 
Strew your hero's way with flowers." 

A note at the end says : " The elegant taste with 
which the arch was adorned, and the innocence of the 
white-robed choir, who met him with this gratulatory 
song, made a lively and strong impression." 

There is also preserved a very curious oration deliv- 
ered on the first anniversary of Tammany Hall, in which, 
among other things, the speaker says : " On you devolves 
the task of preserving in their pristine purity the princi- 
ples for which Tammany is distinguished. From you is 
expected not only wisdom and courage, but also a display 
of virtue." 

How sarcastic do these earnest words now sound I 

It is impossible to complete the catalogue of valuable 
books and pamphlets covering all portions of American 
history down to the present time which the Library con- 
tains ; but enough has been said to prove that interest 
and instruction alike could be derived from a visit to 
its archives. 



in. 

NEWSPAPERS, 



IN looking- back over the years that are gone, and in 
studying- the deeds and desires of past generations 
no truer guide can be found than the newspapers of 
the day. Then, as now, they reflected the peculiarities of 
the people, and to them the antiquarian and historian 
turn not only for the facts themselves, but also for those 
ephemeral happenings, those every-day doings which 
form after all the most attractive portions of history. 

Realizing this very fully the New Jersey Historical 
Society has arranged upon its shelves the files of almost 
every paper published in this State, and many from 
neighboring communities as well. In studying these 
musty folios — on which a broken-nosed bust of the great 
printer, Benjamin Franklin, smiles down from a neigh- 
boring shelf — two lines of development suggest them- 
selves. One can find in them a clear reflection of the 
Nation's history with all the side light of contemporary 
opinion, or he can trace in their pages the rise and devel- 
opment of modern journalism from its humble beginnings 
of one hundred years ago. 

One of the first papers published in New Jersey was 



NEWSPAPERS. 21 

"The New Jersey Gazette," printed by Isaac Collins, at 
Trenton, beginning in 1778. It is a four-page sheet, 
fourteen by nine inches. Advertisements '' of moderate 
length" were inserted for " four dollars each first week, 
and two per every continuance." The price was "three 
shillings nine pence hard cash." 

In these earlier days of newspaper -making the 
pages were chiefly the medium of exchange for busi- 
ness, and news is scarce and briefly told. The front 
page is taken up almost wholly with notices of sale, 
advertisements, etc. In an early number of " The Ga- 
zette" Brockholst Livingston — afterwards Justice of the 
United vStates Supreme Court — -announces the loss of a 
"parchment pocketbook" in an advertisement so long 
and elaborately worded that it reads like an essay. The 
worthy Judge admits that there were "sundry valuable 
lottery tickets" among the other lost possessions, and 
concludes in this way : 

" The subscriber flatters himself that if any person 
finds the pocketbook and feels no compunctions of con- 
science in converting the money to his own use, he will 
still be honest enough to fall upon some method to con- 
vey the papers to their owner, and cunning enough to 
conceal from what quarter they came." 

Joseph Titus, in another issue, blossoms out into dog- 
gerel over a remarkable horse, who was black all over 
and yet had a white foot. He says : 

" On the sixteenth day of May, 
Sometime in the night, 
I lost a mare all over black 
But the near hind foot white." 



22 NEWSPAPERS. 

Servants and apprentices — judging from numerous 
advertisements — had a bad habit of running away. 

Thomas Higginson, with amazing liberality, offers 
six cents reward for the return of his "low Dutch ser- 
vant man." 

Jabez Wiggins, however, finds trouble at the other 
extreme, and is desirous of selling "a likely negro wench, 
age seventeen," remarking among her other qualifica- 
tions, that " she has had both small-pox and measles." 

In these early prints editorials do not appear, and in 
their stead was inserted the foreign news which came by 
"packet," and was invariably three or four months old. 
Communications are frequent, however, and signed with 
such pretentious noms de plume as Homo Sum, Cassius, 
etc., although the " Constant Reader" who has contributed 
so generously on every subject to every paper began his 
journalistic career as early at least as 1781. 

Each one of these sheets had its poetry column, some 
good, but almost all amusingly poor. Here is a specimen 
taken from some verses written " in defense of the fair 
sex to a slanderer thereof:" 

"A man of your vein is always in pain 
Unless he is writing of satire, 
And rather than fail, the ladies assail, 
When destitute of other matter." 

wSeveral other papers succeeded " The Gazette," but 
almost all of them soon ceased to be, and it was not until 
1796, when the first copy of what was then known as 
"The Centinel of Freedom," appeared at Newark, that 
modern journalism really began. In this the interest 



NEWSPAPERS. 23 

ceases to centre in the form and manner entirely, as the 
happenings of the day are presented elaborately enough 
to be well worth perusal, the comments, anecdotes and 
"occasional pieces" are quaint and often clever, and as 
the reader turns the leaves of the time-worn volumes the 
history of a century passes like a panorama before him. 
The first issue is taken up almost entirely with Washing- 
ton's Farewell Address, although the editor finds room to 
make a very gracious bow to the public— the first utter- 
ance in a New Jersey paper that can strictly be called an 
editorial. 

"The editors have made such arrangements," it says, 
"as will assure them the earliest foreign and domestic 
intelligence. * * * Original essays on subjects inter- 
esting to the public shall be carefully attended to, and 
admitted if free from scurrility and personal abuse." 

The tone of the paper was conservative and stately — 
even the obituaries being couched in Addisonian English. 
Here is one of " Mr. Isaac Pierson Jun. of this town :" 

" His faith and belief in the Gospel scheme of re- 
demption, through the propitiatory sacrifice, sustained 
him in the hour of trial. He was not the least intimi- 
dated at the approach of death though sensible for some 
time of his hastening dissolution. His remains were 
respectfully interred in the family burying ground in 
the new Presbyterian Church yard, attended by a numer- 
ous collection of relatives and friends." 

It was reserved for Washington's death, however, to 
lavish all the fulsomeness of praise possible in the English 



24 NEWSPAPERS. 

language. The paper appeared bordered in black, a 
tombstone took the place of the modern cut of the de- 
ceased, and the following is the beginning of the obituary : 

" Mourn O Columbia ! Thy father and protector is 
no more ! Mourn reader of whatever kindred, tongue or 
clime thou be ; thy friend, the friend of Liberty and Man, 
is Gone ! Gone to that country from whose bourne no 
traveler returns. The Hero, Patriot, Sage, sent a while 
as a kind emanation from the Deity to enlighten the dark 
night of our tribulation and to guide the youthful steps 
of our country, is snatched back to the bosom of his God." 

The next issue, still in mourning, gives an account of 
the " day of special mourning" as observed in Newark. 
" The Rev. Dr. Macwhorter," one learns, " delivered an 
animated, instructive and pathetic discourse," and that he 
wept may be judged from the reporter's remark : " The 
big drop of manly sorrow trickled involuntarily down the 
cheek of the hoary veteran of 1777." The succeeding 
issues teem with odes in memory of the departed patriot. 
Cries one poet : 

"The mournful muses wrapt in pious woe, 
To George's manes this last tribute owe " 

And another, who signs himself '* Orange :" 

" Columbia long^ his loss shall weep, 
Ne'er again his likeness see. 
Long her strains in sorrow steep. 
Strains of immortality." 

Thus is the Nation's history quaintly told through 
the varied events of nearly a century. But it is, perhaps, 



NEWSPAPERS. 25 

even more interestin,^- to study the every-day life of by- 
gone g-enerations as the " Centinel's'' pages disclose it. 
Then, as now, newspaper-readers seemed to fancy the 
sensational. In 1806 one reads of a "Horrid Murder," 
which the heading states was " One of the most horrid 
ever committed in the upper end of the country," and a 
serial running through many numbers is a very dime- 
novel kind of tale entitled, " Louisa, the Lovely Orphan." 

Even the anecdotes are startling — with sometimes a 
most decided double entendre. 

It is popularly supposed that illustrated journalism is 
a modern growth, but as early as 1800 " The Centinel" 
was published "with cuts." The first was a tomb-stone, 
which headed the announcement of Washington's death. 
The poetry column was illustrated by a harp on a willow. 

The stage-coach column contained a cut of the " swift, 
sure stage," which was advertised to "pass through New- 
ark at twelve o'clock a. m , lodge at vSomerset and arrive 
at Philadelphia next day afternoon. Way passengers six 
cents per mile. From Newark to Philadelphia four dol- 
lars. Fourteen pounds of baggage allowed." 

Then there are pictures in the shipping column, 
where Nathaniel Budd announces that " the subscriber 
has obtained liberty from the city of New York to take 
off goods at the Ferry stairs at the foot of Cortland street, 
and will start a ferry to Hoboken ; the racing column — 
for there were race-tracks even then ; and several other 
■departments of the paper also had their illustrations. 

The first " extra" issued in New Jersey came from 



26 NEWSPAPERS. 

the presses of '* The Centinel of Freedom on March 24, 
1797. It is only a single page, printed on one side, but 
entitled " The Centinel of Freedom. Extraordinary." 

" The following important foreign intelligence, which 
we received, by this morning's mail, from Philadelphia," 
says the editor, " was received there by the arrival of the 
ship Hamburg Packet in forty-five days from Liverpool. 
We are induced to lay it before our readers at this early 
hour by a ' Centinel' extra" The news relates to the war 
in Europe, starting with the announcement that "Buona- 
parte is besieging Mantua with greatest assiduity." 

The reader is also informed, " to relieve his tedious 
suspense," that " Mr. Munroe, our minister, left Paris on 
January 7." 

The dusty corner of the library, where these files are 
treasured, is one of the most entertaining portions of the 
Historical's wSociety's collection. 

" This folio of four pages — what is it but a map of 
busy life, its fluctuations and its vast concerns ?" said 
Cowper, and in studying their time-worn pages, the read- 
er can see and realize the life of the long ago ; can 
appreciate the greatness of the past, and still thank God 
for the present, which that past made possible, and the 
glorious future which will succeed them both. 



IV. 

ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 



STOWED away among the piles of books and manu- 
scripts in the Society's rooms are many valuable 
works of art and interesting- curios, which lend an 
air of completeness to the collection and engage the 
visitor's attention as soon as he enters the dingy 
rooms. They represent almost every phase in national 
history, and tell in their silent way stories as full of 
entertainment as those which the musty volumes and 
time-worn parchments unfold. 

To the right of the door as one enters, propped up 
against a pile of huge folios, is a finely executed likeness 
of Vice-President Aaron Burr, by Gilbert Stuart. The 
back-ground is dark and time-stained, but the features 
are beautifully distinct, and by an odd freak of location 
the proud brown eyes continually look out on a book- 
case near-by where " The Life and Letters of Alexander 
Hamilton" confront them. 

The portrait, like its original, was subjected to many 
vicissitudes before it reached its final resting place, and 
the story of its acquisition is most singular. Judge 
Ogden Edwards, of New York, a relative of the Burr 



28 ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 

family, in 1847, started out to search for some of the 
family portraits which tradition said had been given by 
Colonel Burr to an old body servant named Keaser. For 
a long time his search was unsuccessful, but at last one 
day, as he was hurrying down Pearl street, he heard some 
one say : " Keaser, cart away these boxes." 

Turning instantly he questioned the drayman, who 
said his father had been the much-sought-for lackey. 
About the pictures he knew nothing, but referred Judge 
Edwards to a sister who lived in " the vShort Hills of 
New Jersey." 

The place was wholly unfamiliar to him, but, de- 
termined not to give up the hunt, he came to this city 
to ask advice of John Chetwood. Together they went to 
Short Hills, and after much hunting found the woman 
they sought in an old tumble-down log cabin. On enter- 
ing the house Judge Edwards recognized at once a 
magnificent picture of Col. Burr, and one of his daughter 
Theodosia, who married Governor Ashton, of South 
Carolina, and was lost at sea. These he bought for five 
dollars. On inquiring if there were any more, he was 
conducted to the attic, where he found a portrait of 
Burr's mother on the floor, and, stuffed into a broken 
window, one of President Burr, of Princeton — a striking 
illustration of the Shakspearean couplet : 

"Imperious Cesar dead and turned to clay, 
May stop a hole to keep the wind away." 

These he also obtained, and in token of his appreci- 



ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 29 

ation of Mr. Chetwood's kindness, gave him the one of 
Colonel Burr. 

In 1849, Mr. Chetwood moved to California, but 
before his departure presented the portrait to the Society, 
where it now rests among more fitting surroundings, 
though still liable to a fire's destruction. 

Next to this, and in striking contrast to it in every 
facial feature, is a likeness of Commodore James Law- 
rence, also painted by Stuart, but on a panel instead of 
canvas. Crowded quarters necessitate paying but scant 
respect to the memory of General Philip Schuyler, for 
his picture is wedged in behind a book-case with " the 
face turned toward the wall." The Society also has 
handsome portraits of Richard Stockton, Levi Holden 
and Chief-Justice Joseph C. Hornblower. 

One of the largest canvases is that which portrays 
Hendrick Hudson, "the discoverer of Hudson's River," 
and his remarkably large collection of children. It is 
said to be an original " old Dutch master," but Judge 
Ricord is unwilling to vouch personally for its genuine- 
ness. 

One of the most beautiful pictures, in point of artistic 
merit, is an exquisite portraiture of Mrs. F. B. Ogden, 
called " the belle of Liverpool" during her husband's resi- 
dence there as Consul-General. It is done on a very 
large panel of ivory by the famous English miniaturist. 
Sir William Newton, and the colors are soft and graceful, 
yet accurate to the most minute detail. 

Among the photographic curios are two tintypes of 



30 ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 

the Emperor Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, of Mexico, 
who was shot by the Republicans on the fall of the 
Empire which he tried to set up there, aided by Louis 
Napoleon. One was taken just after he fell, and shows 
distinctly the outline of his features, and the uniform he 
wore when he faced death. The other was taken after 
the body had been stripped to the waist, and the dark 
blo.-'hes on the white skin about the breast are a sad evi- 
dencv of the xmerring aim of his executioners. 

In one of the few shabby show-cases is a voluminous 
botile-blue tail-coat and large continental cocked hat 
which bears the inscription : " Coat and Chapeaii of 
Commodore Lawrence." 

The multiplicity of garments treasured in various 
museums as belonging to distinguished men might lead 
the visitor to doubt the genuineness of this coat, were 
it not for the autograph letter from Mrs. Lawrence, in 
which she presents it to the vSociety, and declares it to be 
the identical garment which he wore when he expired 
with the immortal words, " Don't give up the ship" upon 
his lips. 

Underneath this is pinned a pompously worded eulo- 
gium woven in silk, which begins : 

"Spirit of Sympathy from Heaven descend. 
A Nation weeps ! Columbia mourns a friend !" 

In the same case are a large num])cr of Robert Ful- 
ton's original drawings, and the diplomas and certificates 
of election of Governor Fort (1851-54), which he left to 
the Society in his will. In a jar of alcohol is an orange, 



ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 31 

and the label states that " it was grown on a tree which 
was planted by George Washington." 

There is no record in the archives of any hatchet, 
little or big, which renders the exhibit incomplete ; but, 
at any rate, one can infer that the ancestral fruit was 
sometimes picked. 

The Library has a large collection of swords — found 
upon various battlefields or presented — belonging to noted 
generals ; but owing to the pitiful lack of room they 
are packed away in a dark closet. Indeed all the col- 
lections are jumbled together in somewhat incongru- 
ous confusion. A torn Confederate battle-flag hangs 
near and a little above the remnants of the Stars and 
Stripes which were shot to pieces at Pilot's Knob. 

An old-fashioned beaver hat, nine inches high, with a 
three-quarter inch brim, rests upon the brow of a plaster 
Shakespeare, which in turn stands upon a Fifteenth Cen- 
tury Dutch Bible almost crowding Napoleon's clock onto 
the floor, and triumphantly surmounted by a campaign 
banner of Clay and Frelinghuysen. 

The phrase, " not worth a continental," is illustrated 
in the moulding piles of State currency tucked away in 
the drawers. They are of every denomination, and many 
of them bear the beligerent motto, " To Counterfeiters 
Death." 

One states that " the First Presbyterian Church of 
Newark promises to pay to bearer on demand one pen- 
ny." It is dated December i6, 1790, so that the interest 
thereon might now be a snug sum. 



32 ART WORKS AND CURIOS. 

There are a great many Indian relics, wampum, tom- 
ahawks and beads, and near an Indian stone pipe is a lit- 
tle bit of bark which the donor declared was taken from 
the very tree under which Sir Walter Raleigh smoked his 
first pipe ! 

Although the relics tell of almost every phase of 
American endeavor, those which relate to State history 
are more numerous. Among the inost valuable of these 
from an historic point of view, are about three hundred 
photographs of inembers of the Society, carefully in- 
dexed, and in almost every instance accompanied by 
biographical sketches. This list comprises some of the 
most distinguished of New Jersey's sons, and its use 
to a historian or biographer is apparent. 

Apart from all this various mixture of " material 
history," on the top of one of the cases stands a magnifi- 
cent bust by Canova, of the Princess Pauline, sister of the 
first Napoleon. It seems to look out from its marble, 
sightless eyes, with a sort of impassive scorn at the relics 
of the Republic strewn about it, and its treatment has 
been an ample justification for such stony feeling. 
When the family of Joseph Bonaparte left Bordentown, 
this bust w^as sold, among other things. It lingered 
along for a few years in neglect when the worthy 
matron who lived in the old homestead found it in the 
garret. Thinking it would make a good ornament for 
her posy bed she carefully white-washed its classic 
marble features,- and set it out in the garden for her 
vines to trail upon. It stood there for many years until 



ART WORKS AND CURIOS. ;^;^ 

recognized and purchased by an art connoisseur who pre- 
sented it to the Society. 

*' Sic transit gloria /nundi.'" 

One might spend hours in interested inspection of 
these relics, and as he looks them over the thought is 
forced home most strongly that here the hour glass of 
time turns far more slowly than in the hurrying crow^ded 
streets below. And here in the books they have written 
or in the records of the deeds accomplished, the illus- 
trious dead still live and excercise upon those who visit 
them a potent charm. 



V. 

NEWARK'S BEGINNINGS. 



NEWARK has been especially fortunate in having- 
the history of its local achievements preserved 
in these collections. Here in its attic rooms, looking- 
out on the busy, bustling- life of the modern city, the 
visitor might easily forget the present, as he unfolds 
the old parchments or studies the time-'worn volumes 
which trace the foundation and growth of what the Rev. 
Abraham Pierson called " our town on the Passayack." 
Newark, at its beginning in 1666, was a church, an 
offshoot of the sturdy Congregationalism of Connecticut. 
The first settlers, the records state, were "godly and 
learned men from Branford." who moved to Newark as 
a unit, taking with them the town and church records, 
and re-establishing their New England colony on New 
Jersey soil. They had purchased their land, including 
Newark, Belleville, Bloomfield, the Oranges and Caldwell, 
from the Indians, as the time-stained inanuscripts show, 
for the following consideration : " Fifty double hands of 
powder, one hundred barrs of lead, twenty axes, twenty 
coates, ten gims, twenty pistolls, ten kettles, ten swords, 
four blankets, four barrells of beere, ten paire of breeches, 



NEWARK S BEGINNINGS. 35 

fifty knives, twenty howes, eight hundred and fifty f athem 
of wampem, two ankors of licquers, and three troopers' 
coates." 

Having driven this thrifty bargain, they settled them- 
selves under the stern laws of Puritanism, and, in a 
resolution still preserved, declared "that none shall be 
admitted freemen or free Burgesses upon our town upon 
Passaic River in the province of New Jersey, but such 
planters as are members of some or other of the Con- 
gregational churches, nor shall any but such be chosen to 
magistracy or to carry on any part of the civil judicature, 
or any chief military trust or office. Nor shall any but 
church members have any vote in any elections." 

Thus it was that the church became the centre of the 
town, and the earlier town meeti-igs were occupied with 
discussions of the merits of the relative ministers, and 
bickerings about the salary. 

The first public building was the church, and the 
first town meeting was held "to decide upon its location." 
But a Satan enters every Eden, and even the most worthy 
sometimes fall. One vSabbath day, discord, permanent 
and bitter, came. The morning dawned with threatening 
aspect, and the church-going crowds knew that a storm 
was imminent. Colonel Josiah Ogden, a veritable " elder 
in Israel," knew it, too, and to the lasting scandal of all 
the truly pious, stayed at home from meeting to gather 
in his hay. The wrath of the righteous knew no bounds, 
and the wandering sheep received the official censure of 
the fold. He appealed to the Presbytery and was sus- 



;^6 Newark's ueginnings. 

tained, but the breach was too wide to heal ; the Rev. Mr. 
Webb, the pastor, was requested to resign for his half- 
hearted condemnation of Colonel Ogden, and the in- 
iquitous hay-gatherer became the founder and one of the 
pillars of Trinity Episcopal Church, which resulted ulti- 
mately in the disestablishment of Congregationalism. 

It is difficult now to appreciate the powerful effect 
of such a trivial incident, but the old-time books and 
records are filled with it, and the horror of the godly 
appears to have been the more intense becatise this 
second Jeroboam "did make others also in Israel to sin." 
A lingering memory of this iniquity, perhaps, caused 
" sundry worthy citizens " to prepare, in 1798, "a volun- 
tary association of the people of Newark to preserve the 
Sabbath." The agreement contains the names of up- 
wards of a hundred men who signed themselves to the 
following provisions : 

We agree, Fi'rsf. That we will neither give nor par- 
take of pleasure or entertainment on that day. 

Second. That we will neither ride nor travel on that 
day. 

Third. That we will regularly attend divine service 
on that day, and compel our children, servants and 
apprentices to do the same. 

Fourth. That after divine service is over we will 
keep our children, apprentices and servants at home, and 
not suffer them to go abroad. 

Worthy souls ! They have long since ceased from 
their godly avocations, and, 



NEWARK S BEGINNINGS. 37 

" Each in his narrow cell forever laid, 
The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." 

The works they began and the industries they 
started, have come down to the present generation ; 
even the *' four barrells of beere " they gave the 
Indians have increased more wonderfully than the 
Israelitish woman's pot of oil, but of them personally 
only the mouldering headstones in the churchyard tell. 
These also would have vanished were it not for the care- 
ful forethought ot the Historical Society which has 
preserved drawings of many old tombstones and copies 
of all the old inscriptions. The epitaphs are indicative 
in some cases of the stern and melancholy minds that 
framed them — as this one, copied from the tomb of 
George Linch, who died 1794 : 

" You living men as you pass by, 
As you are now, so once was I. 
As I am now, so you must be ; 
Prepare for death and follow me." 

The grave-Stone of "Sarah, relict of Abner Ward, 
who disceased June 12, 181 8," was a little more cheerful, 
exclaiming, " Why should we morn departed friends, or 
quake at death's alarms?" and the following has a ring of 
of such perfect resignation that one is tempted to believe 
it may have been born of love for another : 

"Lie still, dear wife, and take thy rest; 
God called thee hence because He thought it best." 

The Historical Society possesses also the old " town 
book," a record of the deeds and transfers of land from 



^O NEWARK S BEGINNINGS. 

1691 to 1737. Among the miscellaneous papers is "a 
faire copy (it is without date) of ye Ingen sent from 
London and now in ye city halle — seven feet wide on ye 
board, nine feet on ye worke pole, seventy-three feet 
long in ye whole. Mounted by twelve tug men, eleven 
bucket men and one pipe man." 

With this are the minutes of the meetings of Engine 
Company Number One, from 1799 — 1801. Next to them. 
and crumbling with them into dust, is an old deed, on the 
back of which some Eighteenth Century school boy has 
written a glowing account of a trotting horse, " Young 
Pastime," whom he declares he will see and bet on 
"speedily." 

The cupola of Cockloft Summer House is treasured 
among the Society's valued possessions, as it was under 
the roof of this arbor — on the old Gouverneur home- 
stead — that Washington Irving, James K. Paulding and 
others of that famous coterie used to gather " to forget 
on the banks of the Passaic the city's din." It was here 
that Irving wrote one of the earliest of his works, 
' Salamagundi, or Whim Whams of Opinion." In it he 
makes the following reference to Newark : " Newark — 
noted for its fine breed of fat inosquitoes — sting through 
the thickest boot. A knowing traveller always judges 
things by inn-keepers and waiters, therefore Newark 
people are fat as butter. Remember to note a learned 
dissertation on Archie Gifford's green coat to which 
reasons might be added as to why Newark people wear 



Newark's beginnings. 



39 



red worsted night caps and turn their noses to the south 
when the wind blows." 

Irving, however, made up for these ungracious re- 
marks in later years when in a long letter to the Histori- 
cal Society he said : 

"With Newark are associated in my mind many 
pleasant memories of early days and social meetings at 
an old mansion on the banks of the Passaic." 

Near one of the windows of the Library stands the 
study chair of Dr. Macwhorter, half turned toward the 
light, as if the owner had but just risen from a view of 
the First Presbyterian Church, whose destinies he guided 
so faithfully for so many years. Near his chair stands 
his cane, and in the quaintness and quiet of the surround- 
ings one almost expects to see the reverend gentleman 
step down from his picture on the wall near by and min- 
gle once more in the busy world. 

Yes, and next the cane is a huge old beaver-hat, 
which fancy says was just like the one he wore, though it 
really belonged to Dr. Griffin, his successor from 1801- 
1843. It is an enormous old affair, nine inches high, with 
a two-inch brim, eight inches across at the bottom, and 
nine and a half at the top. The inside is lined with red 
silk, decorated with a pretentious coat of arms, and the 
motto, " Under this We Prosper." It bears the name of 
" William Rankin, maker, opposite the church." 

The Society's collection of portraits of Newark's citi- 
zens is especially valuable. It includes that of Aaron 
Burr, who was born here near the corner of William and 



40 NEWARK S BEGINNINGS. 

Washington streets ; Judge Hornblower, Justice Bradley, 
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, Abraham Coles, Ireneaus 
Prime, Governor Pennington, and many others whose 
achievements in State and National affairs have made 
Newark proud to call them her sons. 

Thus, as one wanders through the dusty rooms, runs 
his eye along the crowded book-shelves, or gazes at the 
pictures on the wall, time seems to turn backward in 
its flight ; he notes the records of every phase of the 
Nation's history, the State's, the city's. He sees again 
the faces of by-gone generations. He can almost hear 
their long-silent voices, and can in truth — 

" Hold converse with the dead who leave the stamp 
Of ever-burning thought on many a page 
When they have gone into the senseless damp of graves." 



THE END. 



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